The aim:
1. To familiarize students with the historical development of the penal law.
2. To show the coherence of the evolution of criminal law from vengance to punishment based on public retribution and compensation to victims of crime.
3. To decipher the morality of each society based on their system of crimes and punshment for them.

Acquired knowledge:
1. Student acquires knowledge about historical evolution and main conditions of development of penal law.

Acquired skills:
1. Contemplating events from the past student is able to formulate simple conclusions de lege lata and the lege ferenda.
2. Student uses at least one foreign language, when learnig legal terminology.

Acquired social skills:
1. During the course student notices ethical, economical and political implications of selected systems of criminal law in the past.

Course contents: 
1. Introductory class – from revenge to punishment and from ius talonis to compensation.
2. Crimes in Ancient Civilisation (Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt) as a way of depicting society morality.
3. Between history and myth – crime and punishment in Ancient Greece.
4. Public crimes vs civil wrongdoing – emergence of crime -tort system of Roman Law.
5. Roman system of criminal justice from Kingdom to Empire(s).
6. Offences in the Jewish State and Bible – when religion becomes a law.
7. Criminal law of early Middle Ages – key differences between classic (antic) and new (barbaric) approach to criminal justice.
8. Criminal Law of Islam.
9. Medieval Criminal Justice (1150-1550).
10. Early Modernity of Criminal Law (1550-1700).
11. Crimes in New World – combining new, old and forgotten.
12. Enlightenment and Criminal Law: the Philosophy of Criminal Law.
13. Development of prison system through history: from Banishment to Federal SUPERMAX.
14. Constitutionalisation of Criminal Law and the Death Penalty controversy through ages.
15. History of Forensic Sciences.

Recommended reading: 
1. Crime and Punishment: A History of the Criminal Justice System, Roth, M. P. , (Wadsworth-Cengage). 2010, 2E.
2. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Crime and Criminal Justice , Knepper, P., Johansen, A. , Oxford University Press. Oxford 2016.
3. History of Criminal Justice, Johnson H.A., Wolfe N., Jones M.,, LexisNexis. 2016, 4E.
4. A History of Continental Criminal Law , von Bar L. , Lawbook Exchange. 1999.